My company gives 3 weeks to new hires plus another week around Christmas. They gave us an extra Covid week and everyone sure appreciates it.
In the UK and Spain, that's also the number you must use, I don't know about Russia. (In other words, if you've not used any days by December, you'll be taking all of December off. Or whenever your year wraps round.)
> You must take at least four weeks’ holiday a year, so only holiday on top of this can be carried over and then only if your employer gives you permission or if this is permitted by your contract of employment.
I once had a colleague who was given a letter along the lines of "you still haven't used enough holiday; unless you advise us of your preferred days, you will be on holiday from date X to Y".
I believe it's in order to nullify the ability for a company to apply alternative pressures to stop people taking their entitled holiday.