The burner model provides little security in North America. Big box retailers record device serial number to prevent return fraud. It is known that retailers sell transaction information. It is also known that retailers use facial recognition, wifi, app location data, and bluetooth beacons to identify customers, even customers who pay in cash.

It stands to reason that retailers link transaction information--including serial number--to unique individual identifiers. It is possible this data is traded.

It is depressing that people in Western democracies have to worry about authorship identification via printers the same way people in the DDR had to worry about authorship identification via typewriter. But here we are.