Having built simple pneumatic and hydraulic systems using relays, sensors and SoCs, this would he an excellent and fun project. It is actually one of my ultimate goals in life to automate a closed system of food production.

But one thing, externalizing a lot of the automation to already automated processes i.e. the natural environment is quite useful. You have a general pattern of predictability and the trade off is that it is not granularly predictable but there are less catastrophic failure modes. All in all, if you're on earth it makes the most sense to just grow things outside, or in a passive greenhouse if temperature is a concern. Also to be considered is the more active automation complexity you add, the more narrow the scope will be, so if you're tightly controlling nutrients for example, you're restricted on what variety you can have. If you consider the plants active participants in the system as opposed to subjects to or of the system you can devise a much easier system to construct, a la permaculture.