I’ve followed fanless PC cases for years, but I always arrive at the same conclusion: Modern fans, PSUs, and PC cases are so good that it’s not hard to build an effectively silent PC that uses fans for cooling.
My GPU and PSU don’t even spin up their fans at all unless I’m playing a video game, at which point I’m wearing headphones anyway. A large CPU heatsink allows for slow spinning fans that are so quiet I can’t tell if they’re spinning at all without looking at them. The case itself is lined with acoustic damping material to attenuate noise even further.
The loudest part of my recent builds hasn’t been the fans. It’s the noise made by the electromagnetic coils in the PSU. I had to swap power supplies to find an even quieter one, even though the fan wasn’t spinning.
I could see how a truly fanless PC could have used (recording studio or maybe a dusty environment where airflow isn’t an option) but for most of us it’s not hard to build an effectively silent case with good fan and component selection.