Sort of, but nature / decentralization / emergence is messy. The internet still works pretty well without rigid intermediaries (besides unavoidable core routing paths and root DNS), but that open property is also what enables people to easily disrupt things, like with DDoS attacks.
In a hypothetical distant-future anarchistic society, it's very likely you're still going to have private security forces, analogous to Cloudflare's security offerings, and some of them will probably grow to be quite big.
Attackers have an asymmetric advantage. One person with a gun can quickly terrorize or kill a lot of people, and one kid with $10 on their parents' credit card or access to a botnet can instantly bring an organization's web presence to its knees at the click of a button or input of a command.
I definitely agree that any one entity controlling too much of the access route is a concern and a risk, but before Cloudflare it was Akamai. If they never existed, Akamai and CloudFront would be the de facto oligopoly. If Cloudflare dies, someone else will probably gain a similar market share.
You can try to make security enforcement as decentralized as possible, like Bitcoin tries to. But, it was probably inevitable that a few huge mining pools would come to dominate, just like a few big security/CDN companies have.
It's plausible that there could be future solutions that will offer similar security and performance and resource-conserving benefits for free without requiring any private intermediates, and I'd happily recommend them over Cloudflare/Akamai/etc. if they existed and were as good or better. They just don't seem to be here right now.