This phenomenon is found across other Indian cultures too, although it doesn't have a name as such. There's even a pretty good Hindi/Urdu podcast called Puliyabazi, whose name pays homage to this practice.
I grew up and studied in Kolkata, and have lived elsewhere in India, but I haven’t quite seen anything like the daily adda outside of West Bengal. The article is spot on with most of us not even realizing how special it is unless we move out.