One could say "Oh, they did not have modern medicine, and blah blah blah".
The way I see, ultraporcessed food, medicines, industrialised goods are all part of the same package. And yet we always see the cup half empty.
Life span is how old a human is capable of living. This number has not changed much in hundreds or thousands of years. Life expectancy is how many humans reach any specific age. Life expectancy increases are primarily driven by decreases in infant deaths (which bring down the averages), and secondarily by better diagnosis and treatments of disease in older humans.
In any case, the existence of better medicine is not predicated on the development or consumption of ultra processed foods. There is no “same package”.
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR10-508.pdf
(Note it doesn't really take into account covid at all, since it covers up to June 2020). In fact, it hasn't really increased since 2012ish.