https://www.covid-datascience.com/post/israeli-data-how-can-... argues that people are misinterpreting the Israeli data due to Simpson's paradox:

  In the case of vaccine efficacy vs. severe disease, it is
  the fact that both vaccination status and risk of severe 
  disease are systematically higher in the older age group 
  that makes overall efficacy numbers if estimated without 
  stratifying by age misleading, producing a paradoxical 
  result that the overall efficacy (67.5%) is much lower 
  than the efficacy for either of the age groups (91.8% and 
  85.2%).