https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid_weekly/index.htm has the age-stratified data for the US you are looking for. I think they adjust for population growth, but I am not sure.

https://euromomo.eu/graphs-and-maps/ has similar data for most of Europe and Israel, and they adjust for population growth and a seasonal component (looks like a sine wave of period 1 year).