A little bit more about the people who took photos and all of the photos can be found here. The submitted article is more or less blogspam
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/matpc/colony.html
As to the history of photography, when these were taken Fenton's [in]famous pictures of the Crimean War were already 50 years old. Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky colour pics of the Russian empire are of about the same early 20th century vintage.