I'm surprised nobody has mentioned trying out using Google's Bazel build system with the Rust rules. Bazel provides relatively straightforward 'remote caching' of build artifacts via Google Cloud Storage or S3.
It also models your source code in your build system (exposing libraries, binaries, etc).
I'd love to see a performance comparison with `rules_rust`.
There are also a number of other open source alternatives such as Buildbarn (https://github.com/buildbarn) and Buildfarm (https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-buildfarm) which you can host yourself.
Personally, I've found Buildbarn great to throw up in Kubernetes and build massive projects with.
I haven't really used Bazel much, but the features it brings are really huge: reliable pure compilation, so you can actually do globally cached and distributed builds reliably.
Maybe I should try it.