I thought this too -- in fact the contents of this site are about the level of what good 16-year-olds learn in my country. I'd love to read an accessible 'intermediate' introduction to abstract algebra.
Something I've inferred -- and would love to be corrected on -- is that in the US there's a relatively well-defined course implied by the words "calculus" or "algebra". I can guess what they are, but I'm not certain, and it seems to change!