Just to be clear, this isn't about using the camera while mounted on the bike, but having the phone mounted ever actually damages the camera for any use, mounted or otherwise?
Yeah they actually go into more interesting detail than expected from a support article and detail how (not an expert so it could just be wool over my eyes Apple BS but doesn’t smell that way here) the OIS and closed loop AF work in that article.
Basically sensitive gadgets shouldn’t be exposed to certain frequency / amplitude combinations because sensitive gadgets rely on well, not being shaken out of whack.