As someone moving from java to python recently, I'm more flabbergasted by python's dependency management than I've ever been with java's. "Classpath hell" hasn't been an issue for almost the last decade in my experience, and things generally just works. Maybe because the big dependencies everyone uses moves slow and are great at backwards compatibility, but upgrading something rarely never breaks, so seldom an issue with two different versions of something.

And modules have solved the issue of "you're actually using something internal from our package that might break in the future".

But in python upgrading something minor quickly wreaks havoc. Everything depends on different versions of something, which are quickly incompatible. So have to pin and do lots of manual testing and fight with pip for a while. Very easy to import and use stuff not supposed to be part of the packages' public api etc. And I find it even harder to know what's actually in use between the global packages, the virtual environment etc., than just looking inside my jar.