Here the list of all modules on Maven Central https://github.com/sormuras/modules/blob/main/com.github.sor...

> Everyone still downloads and runs an entire JVM

Nope, we (i know anecdote) use jlink in docker containers, mostly to avoid useless dependencies. The problem of GraalVM native image is that it comes with a subpar GC.

> which broke plenty of Java applications

yes, i agree, modules did not worth the trouble.