From home, start with condensing to one command:

  git push --all --tags

From location1, if you just want to be able to make your working copy look like origin/<branchname>, you don't have to create a new branch. You can checkout on a tracking branch. You just can't do all your normal work there (i.e., when you want to commit, you'd need to checkout a branch to commit on). If you want to create local branches that track all the remote branches, the command you're currently using (minus the --track option) is what you need.

As for deleting a branch, the simplest way is to not push branches that you're not going to keep. I understand what your context is, so you'll likely be stuck with maintaining branches in your central repository.

There's not a dramatic simplification I can see in your workflow, but here's where Git's strong-suit really kicks in: it's very, very scriptable. It would be nearly trivial to write simple bash scripts to do most of this in one command (you might even be able to get there with aliases).