Throw someone in an MRI or whatever. Continuously scan their brain, while their eyes are taped open, and display a changing character on the screen. Meanwhile, play a sound file with someone saying "password" in the background constantly, so diversionary mental tactics won't work.
Soon, the first character of their pass will appear, a part of their brain will respond, and you have the first char. Continue until the entire pass appears, and "despair" alights in their brain.
Success! Drink champagne and rejoice.
I have plenty of passwords memorized. I could think of my email password from 2002 (yes, I remember it), or any of my work passwords, or my Steam account password.
It's going to take a lot of MRI sessions.
I think this is quite interesting and would not only work for passwords if it does at all. i would love to read more about this :)
You do however, have close relatives, family, friends, things you own, people you care for, your own life, that can be used and threatened for you to give out your password.
Don't kid yourself. Torture methods exist for a reason: as horrible as they are, they work, no matter the person. And they won't stop until they get your vacation pictures.
But pro-tip if you are being apprehended by police is to furiously click on the side button as the phone will require pin code after that.
Apparently that won't work on Android -- though there's a lockdown feature (that will disable biometric-unlock) that you can access after long pressing the power button.
My fingerprint reader on my smartphone is so fucked up that if I just quickly move my finger on it, I had to many attempts and its disabled. Then it requires whatever you use else (PIN, password, ...)