How should one approach learning about building a virtual DOM? Are there any particular resources or pieces of literature you recommend taking a look at?
Sure! I don't recommend any of the React-based virtual DOM articles yet, often they're pretty complicated and will confuse you. I wrote an article here with an even simpler implementation of the virtual DOM: https://dev.to/aidenybai/how-does-virtual-dom-work-b74.
Basically anything that guides you in building a virtual DOM is a good article