Few people remember this today but downloading e-mails was the norm in the early 2000s and before. You would only keep a few weeks or months of e-mails on the server and then either delete or download them, as providers didn't offer very generous storage quotas. It was only with the introduction of GMail that this changed because Google offered "unlimited" storage (since they wanted people to store all their e-mails online so they could mine them).
BTW Protonmail doesn't need to inject extra JS into your client and wait for you to login in to decrypt your e-mails, they receive them all in cleartext and they send out e-mails for you in cleartext so they can simply log them without any modifications to the client code.