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The natural ligand for cannabinoid receptors, anandamide, is stimulated by exercise, particularly distance running. "Runner's High" is just that.

If it's a receptor thing, it wouldn't only apply to phytocannibanoids, right? I'm given to understand there are a number of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists with much higher affinity and/or selectivity than the phytocannabinoids. Are you aware of any research into the potential differences?

I suppose it wouldn't make much difference, since as you say it only takes a tiny amount of cannabis despite THC being only a partial agonist.

"Are you aware of any research into the potential differences?"

Not off the top of my head, but here are some links to 'databases' of hundreds or thousands of research articles on cannabinoids:

http://www.letfreedomgrow.com/cmu/GrannysList-Jan2011.pdf

http://www.cannabis-med.org/studies/study.php

http://www.cannabis-med.org/index.php?lng=en

In general though I think cannabis is a good example of why plant-based medicine is often more safe and effective than using synthetics. That is, when one molecule in a plant acts as a poison, then generally there will be some other molecule in the plant to counteract that poison. That's exactly what we see here, with the anti-psychotic effects of the CBD balancing out the psychotomimetic effects of the THC. And most patients seem to find the plant-based medicine to be both more tolerable and also more effective. Obviously there are many many cases where plant-based medicine is an inferior choice, as with aspirin, but in this case it seems to be winning at least so far.

Also, there is some suggestion that with plant-based medicine the body actually has the ability to pick and choose which compounds to use depending on what it's current needs are:

"Medicinal plants contain a wide array of chemical compounds. At first, this looks like chaos, but more investigation reveals a distinct order. Natural selection pressures push a plant to "try out" variations on molecules to enhance the plant's odds of surviving stressful environments. So, often, one molecule is present in the greatest amount and has the most dramatic effect in a human body -- but along with it are variations of that molecule in the same plant.

For example, for several years, I did ethnobotanical study in South America, researching native uses for coca leaf, which most of us know only as the source of the isolated, problematic, addictive drug cocaine. For Andean Indians, whole coca leaf is the number one medicinal plant. They use it to treat gastrointestinal disturbances; specifically, for both diarrhea and constipation. From the perspective of Western pharmacology, this makes no sense. Cocaine stimulates the gut, it increases bowel activity, so obviously it would be a good treatment for constipation, but what could it do for diarrhea except make it worse? However, if you look carefully at the coca leaf's molecular array, you find 14 bioactive alkaloids, with cocaine in the greatest amount. While cocaine acts as a gut stimulant, other coca alkaloids can have precisely the opposite action, they inhibit gut activity.

This means that when you take the whole mixture into the body, the potential is there for the action to go in either direction. What decides it? The state of the body, which is a function of which receptors in the gut's tissues are available for binding. During my time in Andean Indian communities, I collected many reports about whole coca's paradoxical, normalizing effect on bowel function, and experienced it firsthand, as well."

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-weil-md/why-plants-are-...

That's fascinating. Thanks for the links.

Totally off topic, but do you happen to know anything about capsaicin?

I began eating hot peppers a few months ago and it had a dramatic impact on my condition. CF is rooted in a defect in a cell channel, the CFTR, which handles trafficking of certain molecules into and out of the cell. Capsaicin, the active ingredient in hot peppers, forces a different channel open at lower than normal temps. I asked around and got a snippet or two suggesting some indirect relationship between the types of things the two channels process but nothing conclusive. Capsaicin has worked effectively as a biohack for me, especially when combined with walking (and a zillion other things I was already doing for my condition). Yet I have turned up little in the way of solid information as to why/how.

I don't know a ton about it, but I know there is a food company that just launched a line of capsaicin beverages:

http://www.prometheussprings.com

If you like spicy things they are actually really good. It's kind of like a combination between drinking a Snapple and getting maced in the face by the cops.

Sort of funny in a way. I do drink a fair variety of fruit juices these days as well. And their website might be a source of interesting info.

Thanks.

I looked it up, and I think "CF" means "cystic fibrosis", a congenital lung disease that is usually fatal in early life.

Yes, it stands for cystic fibrosis. Average life expectancy in the US is currently around 36 or 37, way up from age 18 roughly 18 or 20 years ago. I was diagnosed just before my 36th birthday with a milder classification of it which is emerging and is most often called "atypical cystic fibrosis". I spent a year at death's door. It's been a long haul back from there.

It's not really a lung disease. It's a genetic disorder. All cells in the body are impacted in their function. Mucus membranes are the most obviously negatively impacted. Lungs happen to be lined with mucus. So is the gut and malabsorption and lack of adequate weight gain is another major issue which is frequently life threatening but gets less press than the high incidence of lung transplant.

this is awesome.

good research man.

re: "when one molecule in a plant acts as a poison, then generally there will be some other molecule in the plant to counteract that poison"

How does that happen? From an evolutionary point of view, it seems a bit unlikely. Unless it's part of the plant's reproductive strategy, a plant's goal is usually not to be eaten. (However, animals often evolve to counteract plants' defenses.)

Mutation 'A' has has both benefits and drawbacks, so mutation 'B' fixes some of those drawbacks. Sure, it's good for a plant to be poisonous to animals that want to eat it, but not at the expense of poisoning itself.

Plant biochemistry is sufficiently different that they are not susceptible to poisons that affect mammals.

Some plants make delicious fruits that get their seeds spread.

> cannabinoids ... are anti-angiogenic, meaning they cut off the blood flow to the tumors.

Hmm, like thalidomide? They must not be very anti-angiogenic, or heavy pot smokers would give birth to babies missing limbs.

The problem is that I feel less smart and less motivated for 2 weeks after smoking a joint.

wrong strain?

Then don't smoke a joint. The standard sized joints that NIDA hands out for research are 0.7 grams. The amount needed to get this anti-inflammatory effect is roughly .02 grams, in other words 1 / 35th of a joint. There are also two different ways that you can get the same health benefits without any psychoactive side effects. First, you can get high-CBD weed. CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that basically cancels out the effects of THC. Second, if you juice raw cannabis it is basically non-psychoactive, because without heating or drying it the THCA never gets decarboxylated into THC. Here are a couple articles about this:

http://cannabisinternational.org/info/hightimes.pdf

http://cannabisinternational.org/info/treatingyourself.pdf

"The standard sized joints that NIDA hands out for research are 0.7 grams."

Really? That seems like a lot. I was a sporadic recreational smoker about 15 years ago, we bought marihuana one gram at a time and that gram would last us a weekend. Maybe the difference is in THC content; I bought in the Netherlands where quality is generally high and THC concentrations relatively high in higher-end varieties, from what I understand (I don't have experience with foreign varieties to compare it with). Then again, our usage customs are different from elsewhere in the world, too; we rolled joints out of tobacco and only sprinkled on some marihuana. When I told that to Americans they'd look at me as if I was crazy.

You are starting too early - you have to wait until you're old first.

Cannabis as a treatment for Alzheimer's would be rather ironic, given its current reputation.

Actually the cool thing about it is that not only does it prevent neuroinflammation, but it also promotes neurogenesis. There was a recent study that tracked IQs before and after using cannabis, and what they found was that those who took up smoking cannabis actually gained almost six IQ points. (For less than 3.5 grams per week.)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis#M...

Huh— it's more than I would have guessed, but thinking about it, I buy it. Anecdotally, an eighth a week is about the point where you can see it starts to slow people down.

I can't help but feel like it's got as much to do with the fact of smoking every day as with the raw amount... I guess there aren't that many people out there who'll smoke an eighth in a day and then take a week off, though, so maybe it'd be hard to pin down.

As there is a rather large cohort of regular and past cannabis smokers entering into prime Alzheimer years we are going to see if this is true within the decade and do not even need to fund a study. If the Alzheimer rate starts to drop then this is worth further research, but if not I will begin to suspect some people are blowing some rather fragrant smoke on this issue...