Man I hate this. I sort of get wanting to support robust file sharing for teams, but let's be honest: 99% of file uploads on teams are going to be silly gifs.
For those still on Teams, my condolences, here's a workaround: copy the image onto your clipboard and paste it into the textbox. It skips the uploading to Sharepoint, prevents the issue I described, and is sendable in milliseconds. Downsides: a. they're randomly ephemeral and sometimes just permanently disappear, b. no animated images - it'll just send the first frame of a GIF/APNG/etc.
And for those on macOS, that means you can get screenshots sent quickly. Ctrl-Cmd-Shift-3, Cmd-V into the text field. Send.