I see this is about point-to-point navigation optimization but it's very curious this article doesn't mention grid cells – essentially, neurological ~1:~1 representations of physical space.
> They were awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with John O'Keefe for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain. The arrangement of spatial firing fields, all at equal distances from their neighbors, led to a hypothesis that these cells encode a neural representation of Euclidean space.[1] The discovery also suggested a mechanism for dynamic computation of self-position based on continuously updated information about position and direction.