I think the idea with that is not that it's hard, but that you know it. You won't get a product person telling you to implement a DB in 3NF - so it doesn't matter how quickly you'd learn via Google, as you wouldn't Google it.
Same goes for Leetcode. Anyone can Google how to implement some algorithm, but you won't be told what algorithm to use in your project requirements.
Of course, an interview could just involve getting you to give general descriptions of things instead of implementing them, which would satisfy this to some degree. But then everyone with a bachelors would pass the interviews, so they had to make them more intensive in order to limit the pool further.