His book The Art of Doing Science and Engineering goes into some of this (and is just generally great): https://press.stripe.com/the-art-of-doing-science-and-engine...
After the first chapter I thought, "this guy is pretty sharp let's see what else he's written." That is when I found "You and Your Research".
* Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics.
* The Art of Probability.