on average, both Black and Latinx total per pupil expenditures exceed White total per pupil expenditures by $229.53 and $126.15, respectively. This is anticipated due to the strong relationship between race and poverty (Reardon & Owens, 2014) and the increased federal funding targeted toward stu- dents in districts with concentrated poverty (Cascio & Reber, 2013). - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23328584198724...
Why would this not be convincing on the narrow question of average education spending per pupil?