Naively I would think the SIM card functions as a sort of API to the carrier network, and as long as a phone supports that API, carriers should not know or care what type of phone it is. They shouldn't even know if the SIM has changed phones, so from that perspective, there should be no such thing as 'activating' a phone, only a SIM (though I don't know what exactly is meant by 'activating' in the first place).
Any deviation from this reeks of carrier abuse.