Basically. The Swedish IRS is responsible for keeping the register of all Swedish citizens and they have the power to refuse to register a name. The main rule is you are not allowed to give a child a name that can be seen as provocative, insulting or has a high risk of causing the child problems or humiliation in the future. The core legal principal behind is that parents are not allowed to cause their children potential harm with their choice of name and since the child cannot act their own advocate in this matter, the State has to.
Edit: The other type of name you are not allowed to give are names that are considered 'obvious' last names, as well as names that are primarily titles like "King", "Admiral" or "Captain".
And I found this list of all names that have been rejected over the past few years: https://www.motherhood.se/bebis-och-smabarn/namn-man-inte-fa... (scroll down to "Förnamn som fått avslag hos Skatteverket")
They would have a field day with a lot of names people give their kids in America. I went to school with kids with names like "Cadillac" which sounds like they wouldn't be allowed there.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_Naming_Committee
It does look like there's a similar thing in Sweden though
In fact, I think it's much more common than full liberty in this regard.
As for the level of strictness - it's always a bit arbitrary, and there are no fool-proof guidelines, nor a predefined whitelist.
Generally speaking, however, the name cannot be ridiculous, humiliating, offensive, it must be in a full form (not affectionate) etc.
Among the rejected ones there have been "Rambo" and "Joint".
There were parents who tried "Wiedźmin" (Witcher), to no avail, but they succeeded eventually with a compromise, a slightly altered "Wiedzimin". Not a real name, but kinda sounds like it might be (sort of similar to Lithuanian Giedymin), and by itself not a popculture reference, which apparently was what the office considered frivolous/inappropriate.
Famous occurrences are "Nutella" (ended up "Ella"), "Megane Renault" (a brand of car, ultimately accepted because it's old enough not to mean anything to kids), "Mohamed Merah" (same name as a terrorist who killed 7).
Evidence shows that some parents are just too dumb to be trusted not to set their child up for ridicule and bullying.
Atleast it was the case until few years back. Not sure it changed recently or they need to go through an approval process.