As the article says it's too expensive to do much of that. Maybe a little will be done, but those will just be slightly faster trains running at 200 kph, not like a bullet train. The EU has little money and the nationals invest mostly in national infra.
Often more than 200kph. This website has a speed option in the menu, on the currently operating lines. HS2 for instance will have initial-use/design speeds of 3/400kph.