I don't think so. In Bash you can do this:

  bash$ shopt -s globstar

Then you can use double star syntax like this:

  bash$ wc **/*.c

The **/ will match any number of directory components, including zero; I think it's like *.c */*.c */*/*.c and so on, like what OP wrote.

Somewhat sadly, the Glibc glob function does not have an equivalent GLOB_ option for this; it's just in Bash.