I think your interpretation is quite simplified. Yes there is some "element of patriotism" but it's enhanced by something else. Let me explain.
homo sapiens are born to have defects that their brains can not differentiate model of their neural network and data (i.e. fact). The people from China have more data or ground facts compare to the Westerners who get all the information from media. There's a quite big discrepancy (There are some reasons but beyond the scope). What happened quite often is their perception of unfairness. More specific: The western media lied in a very tricky way so almost the whole western are brainwashed. Please note: that's somehow popular perceptions.
But the perception is also mixed and dynamic.
For the dynamic part: Today's popular perception was not popular 15 or 20 years ago. The perception has been changing gradually because the neural networks are fed with new data so the weights are changing and models i.e. opinions are changing. Especially young generation who have better neural plasticity.
For the mixed part: There are quite portion of anti CPP opinions. You can easily find many anti CPP people from China. Some are quite extreme. You can say it's somehow polarized. Even within China the portion of anti CPP is quite sizable.