> Note that whether you have a solid green or a green arrow matters. A solid green means you can turn left, but you might have cross traffic. A green arrow means you're protected and as long as other people are obeying traffic signals, you shouldn't run into other people.

This is the same in the southeast, and I assume the rest of the US.

Recently "flashing yellow" [1,2,3] has been introduced to mean left turns must yield to right of way traffic. These are gradually replacing solid green signals.

[1] https://www.txdot.gov/driver/signs-and-signals/flashing-yell...

[2] https://durhamnc.gov/1140/Flashing-Left-Turn-Arrow-Informati...

[3] https://www.penndot.gov/TravelInPA/TrafficSignalsManagement/... (PDF)