The 'what makes science work' is stored in the scientists.

They learn by reading the literature, but also by communicating, and by an active process of testing their own understanding and resolving gaps and inconsistencies. Even when a self-taught genius like Ramanujan comes along, they benefit from being brought into the community.

The question of how one would determine the state of the art in a field has an answer, but at present it would be indistinguishable from training a scientist, rather than running a clever software tool that could synthesize from the literature.