See also (1997):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar
GCC and Emacs famously followed similar models (the Cathedral model): developed behind closed doors, to be released as open-source when it's ready. Both eventually went full "Bazaar" model. I guess it depends on the personality and goals of the projects' maintainers. (I'm certainly not faulting Lua's creators for anything!)