And structures, unions, pseudo-meta programming via the macro processors, no exposure to IO unless on a CPU with MMIO.
JOVIAL and Algol dialects were also designed for creating OSes and no one calls them low level.
JOVIAL and Algol dialects were also designed for creating OSes and no one calls them low level.
Those exists in macro assemblers, for they are extremely thin abstractions, no thicker than jumping to a label instead of jumping to an absolute or relative address.
> no exposure to IO unless on a CPU with MMIO.
Well, since not all processors have I/O instructions (or dedicated I/O pins), the easiest way to implement portability is simply to not provide a direct access to them in the language, and let library functions handle it.
As for macro Assemblers, IBM i one supports OOP constructs, so are OOP languages now low level?
They’re much more than that because of type aliasing, which is what lets you write -> . = operations all day without each one literally being a memory access in asm.