Just because they take a $1 salary and get paid in stock or have tons of stock holdings that increase in value instead doesn’t mean they don’t have any money to play with to cover their own personal needs / desires, as I’m sure you’re aware. This is what people mean about avoiding the spirit of the tax while adhering to the letter of the law.

From what I understand, they way they do this is to get millions per year in personal loans from banks, secured with their stock. Then, instead of “income”, they have “debt”, but most reasonable people would still see that as “they can spend millions of dollars on whatever they’d like and they didn’t pay tax on it”. Most people would love to do this, the problem being they don’t have hundreds of millions+ in stock to secure those same types of loans.

I’m sure every politician working with tax law understands how they play the system (and how tax offshoring works for companies), yet they choose to do nothing about it as not enough lay folks complain hard enough to affect their next election. Combine that with “the car dealership” / “ISP” model, where “if we all agree to do the bad thing and hold the line, people will have no choice but to let us continue to do the bad thing”. There’s no political will to fix it among those in power, as they benefit from it too. This is why I have very little hope of ever seeing real tax reform in my lifetime in this country — the politicians willing to actually carry out the will of the people or engage in topics that would materially benefit the masses are few and far between. It’s much easier to keep everyone frothing at the mouth over tie pins and tan suits.

Paying folks under the table is a sign of exploitation - and undocumented folks easily fall into exploitation. I would have thought a fair reading would have come to this conclusion. Of course it isn't always that way.