For something that I really want to learn, then my approach is to create presentations or training material on the specific topic.
Like recently I wanted to learn HTTP/2 and gRPC, so I wrote some PowerPoints explaining those concepts and know I grok the fundamentals of those topics. My core mantra nowadays is "You don't know anything until you can explain it".
If I forget something I can always go back to my presentations, that are now the same as my notes.