The reality is that most startups don't scale exponentially unless they are injecting huge amounts of cash into their company (and in that case they can afford AWS). The company in this article just has a single server.
This was November 2020 and he mentioned a big overhaul was in the works (of both HN and Arc, the programming language in which it is written).
We've seen new features since then, but the throttling is still there so it seems to still be the same situation regarding fundamental infrastructure.