If you're running Firefox, you can go to `about:telemetry` and see what data is there. Note that some of that data might be populated even if you have telemetry turned off. Don't reach for your pitchfork quite yet: I assure you that the data isn't being sent.
You can go to https://telemetry.mozilla.org to see various analyses involving telemetry data.
In the source tree, telemetry probes must be defined in one of a few places. Here are their locations:
https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/toolkit/compone...
https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/toolkit/compone...
https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/toolkit/compone...
https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/toolkit/compone...