Seems like an issue of incentives at varying scales. A private business has an incentive to produce the quantity demanded and nothing more. Surplus is a cost, and capacity should be designed to meet, not exceed demand. Then, a stress appears on the system, and shortages occur.

A government has an incentive to avoid shortages of specific products and resources. In some industries, this leads to, essentially, a promise to purchase the supply the market does not (agriculture).

Does a similar model need to apply hereafter to certain technological inputs?