regardless of whether fly by wire was implemented (which eventually came for boeing) there were two competing philosophies. boeing believed that when in manual control, the pilot has the final say. airbus built something new that looked more like a modern drone. if the pilot issued a control input and the aircraft thought it was dangerous, it would override it. similar to how it ranges from impossible to hard to flip a drone.
in the early 80s, a demonstration flight of the new airbus system at an airshow in toulouse ended in a fireball when a pilot attempted a low fly by and the plane switched into landing mode, ignoring his inputs to ascend and landing the aircraft in trees.
of course, official story was that the computer (and the multi billion dollar bet behind it) was fine and the pilot and crew were declared responsible. (i think they survived, only to be jailed)