Part of Defensive Depth includes vetting and requiring the janitor who cleans the SCIF to themselves also hold a security clearance.
Your cited example is also why Counterintelligence is a thing. It's not enough to trust your processes; you also have to probe them.
When I was in the military I met a guy whose job was to pentest (among other things) nuclear weapons facilities and NORAD defense installations, specifically their computer equipment. He had some pretty wild stories; suffice it to say the ladder trick doesn't work when you are trying to access an ICBM solo.