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GitHub Actions has a special agreement with Apple that allows them to not have to follow the terms of the macOS EULA.

Do you have a reference for Apple granting a special macOS license to GitHub/Microsoft? Edit: apparently it's under NDA.

What about AWS, Macstadium, etc.?

As far as I am aware, they get no special exemptions, and offer Mac minis with 24-hour minimum renting terms.

Mac stadium is a large Ci/CD provider for macOS. They rack mount iMac Pro’s and Mac minis.

AWS's Mac instances aren't VMs; they are dedicated machines. I could swear I read that GitHub uses MacStadium for the Mac runners, which is also dedicated machines, but I can't find any documentation that supports that claim.