Yes, you do. I don't know about other countries, but everywhere in the US runs a background check. You will get a reasonable "no" rate, but telling people your situation is very much better than looking like you were hiding it when they eventually find out.
OP probably would have the most success with a pen-testing firm or similar.
Other than that, it's just been straight skills and reputation. Even if it did come up he could always say that he assumed they would ask for a background check if they cared about this type of thing. Just let the man get some work and move on with his life.
I think the overall point doesn't really change. Apply. Let other people dismiss.
There seem to be some kinds of background check where maybe it is fine and others where it isn’t?
It looks like written permission is required, but, they can remove your candidacy for not accepting…so, it is not fully protected.