Kind of, but not entirely. Some EU countries' citizens are excluded from the US ESTA ( Bulgaria, Romania) and need to apply for a visa with ridiculous questions ( list all countries you've visited in the last 5 years (if you live in the EU that's a stupid question, i had to go through my Google Maps history to have the full list), and crazy stuff like "are you coming to prostitute yourself in the US") and in-person interviews at an American embassy. There's no reciprocity for that kind of special treatment.

Edited to add: and of course they request fingerprints and photos ( of course in a special format nobody else uses). I'm still pissed i had to give up that information and it ended up for nothing ( i didn't end up visiting the US, and now i no longer need that visa)