Gtk4 and QML sure do (QML still (?) uses SDFs, Gtk4 uses atlas textures like WebRender does). Older frameworks don't.
The default in QML used to be atlases, you can revert back to them with the following:
renderType: Text.NativeRendering
or:
QQuickWindow::setTextRenderType
Standard frameworks give you text frames with minimal hooks to customize them and "good enough" performance. They're great for dumping a log file to or for small documents, but when you want the fine control of a text editor that can handle big files, you need to roll your own.
GPU acceleration of the text editing viewport, which will not show much more than 100 lines of text at any time, has almost nothing to do with the issues in editing large files.