SEO spam is... spam. No one wants spam, and usually has obvious indicators of SEO manipulation.
Q: Who determines what is "Russian disinformation?"
A: Teams of "specialists" funded by the US/UK governments (Bellingcat, Atlantic Council, etc).
Q: Who determines what is "Russian disinformation?"
A: Teams of "specialists" funded by the US/UK governments (Bellingcat, Atlantic Council, etc).
Also, the US/UK gov is not an entirely unreasonable starting point for a list. There are also lots of academic researchers, media, etc. Better to apply some standards than none at all. I'm sure whatever list they have is not perfect, but that doesn't mean they shouldn't have one.
... Unless your "indicator" is "deviates from the Washington narrative", which is totally ridiculous.