First, worth clarifying that "information" can be misleading because it sounds like a very general term. For example, it may sound like it implies that there's some underlying super-reality that requires ~1.509 bits to model an electron. Which isn't (generally) the case.

Instead, "information" in that context often refers to how much information humans estimate that they could record using some amount of energy -- or, various things like that (depending on the model).

Mass can warp reality -- such as through gravity, and as noted with relativistic-effects. And apparently energy counts toward mass (e.g., the E=mc^2 thing), where adding energy to a system adds mass to it, affecting its gravity.

So, if energy and mass are linked, and energy and information are linked, then is information linked to mass? For example, would a sufficient amount of information-density create a black-hole? Kinda like an informational-[energy-based black-hole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics) )

That's kinda how they appear to be considering it.

That number is an average number of bits per elementary particle. I presume that information can be found not only in particles, but also in how they're arranged.

On the other hand, information need not come in whole bits: there are three quark "colors." Storing the color of a quark takes, what, 1.5 bits on average?