For context, I live in a major city. I've seen people pulling these things round busy multi-lane roundabouts and the like.
I was thinking about this other day with my 4 month old. We were looking at four or so houses to purchase with a real estate agent. We were having to load her in and out of her car seat in the car repeatedly which is not fun (she cries when you set her in the thing). One of the houses was 1/2 a mile or so away and it crossed my mind that I could just hold her in the back seat while we coast through a few intersections. I then pictured the outcome of a minor accident and decided that it was worth the additional effort to ensure that my kid wouldn't be ejected.
Everything we do is a risk calculation and some people have decided that the risk is worth the convenience or cost.
I suppose my thought was illegal while toting your child around in a bike trailer isn't so there is that factor too...
Those kid trailers seem very dangerous, I ride my bike in cities all the time (NYC and SF) and get very close to reckless drivers. I have to imagine being a passenger in a bike trailer, in a city, is quite a risk
I have no idea why parents use those bike with the kids in the back. Why not just use a car? It's not even like those bikes are particularly cheap. The ones I see sell for thousands of dollars.
36/80,000 = 0.00045
80% drive a car and about 250 die a year:
250/3200000 = 0.000078125
So its not quite a full order of magnitude more dangerous, but either way I'd say your odds are pretty low in either case. Even lower if you choose to bike safely, such as taking less busy residential streets vs commercial arteries or even opting for the sidewalk on those busy arteries, wearing helmets and using lights, using defensive bike strategies like avoiding lefts in favor of utilizing a perpendicular street, not being drunk, etc. I bet out of those 36 deaths in my city, none took place on like a 25mph residential street.