tl;dr Private banks create far more money than central banks. If you're worried about inflation from UBI, stimulus checks, bailouts, etc then your brain will explode when you learn about how much money banks put into the economy in the name of profit every year.
Banks only loan money to people who have good credit, and can pay it back. Those people with good credit will work to pay it back. This work is often worth more than the loan + interest, and thus, wealth is created by this process. E.g., you borrow money to build a business. And for consumer loans, the consumer would have to work harder to pay it back in the future, or sacrifice future consumption to pay it back.
Money "printing" by banks are unlikely to cause inflation, unless they lent so much that productivity increases cannot keep up.
Money printing by governments, however, will cause inflation. Venezuela and Zimbabwe both printed to solve their debt problems and spending obligations. But these aren't loans, and spending these money does not increase productivity. Therefore, they cause inflation.
No, it's just money creation. Money creation and inflation are essentially synonymous.
> Banks only loan money to people who have good credit, and can pay it back.
Well, that's clearly been far from the truth if we look back at recent events. But apart from that, the majority of bank loans nowadays go into housing and house prices are forever rising. So a bank might lend out $100k today but in 10 years when it's paid back they'll be lending out $200k to someone else for the same house.
Also, what is 'excess money'? How do you know what is 'necessary' and what is 'excess'?
Imagine you could print corn seeds. You print the seeds and get a whole bunch of (real) corn cobs back.
2008 called. Not sure what it was saying because it was laughing too much.
If everyone has more money and there is constrained supply of a desired thing the price will go up. Housing prices, for example, would almost certainly rise with a UBI.
Not saying a UBI would be a bad idea, but it would almost certainly cause massive inflation because the lowest income individual of society would have the largest increase in spending power—supply and demand and all that.