You can install any .deb package not in the "official store" simply by typing: `dpkg -i package.deb`.
This has essentially never failed in my decade+ of using Debian-based Linux OSes.
It's pretty dang easy to install anything nowadays.
Trying to get something written using new, say, C++ runtime libraries shipped as a binary working on even a two year old Linux distro is a struggle in itself, meanwhile on Windows, the VC CRT bundled with VS2022 with C++22 support even runs fine as a bundled portable .dll down to Windows 7 (2009) and probably even before.
Running modern libstdc++ (as a binary, mind you) on an otherwise 2009 distro on the other hand - unlikely. Even more so if you stray out of the GNU libc option, or want to deal with libc++ for some reason (such as cross-platform parity, as it is better behaved on Windows/Mac than libstdc++), or any other edge cases out of the usual /lib, especially for GUI apps or worse, GPU apps.